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References

CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Case 1. Reykjanes Geothermal Park 

Albertsson, A. & Jónsson, J. (2010). The Svartsengi Resource Park”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2010/3313.pdf.

Case 2. The water circulation system in Southwest Finland    

Turku Region Water Ltd. (2016). Turku Region Water Ltd. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.turunseudunvesi.fi/?q=en

Case 3. Kalundborg industrial symbiosis

Johnsen, I. H.G. (Ed.), Berlina, A., Lindberg, G., Mikkola, N., Smed Olsen, L. & Teräs, J. (2015). The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of green growth in Nordic regions. Nordregio Report 2015:1. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/industrialsymbiosis

Case 4. Dalarna sustainable consumption network       

Länsstyrelserna (2015). Länsstyrelsernas roll och ansvar med arbetet med konsumtion. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/dalarna/SiteCollectionDocuments/Sv/Publikationer/Rapporter-2015/15-07.pdf 

Länsstyrelsen Dalarna (2014). Nätverk för hållbar konsumtion. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/dalarna/sv/miljo-och-klimat/miljomal/hallbar-konsumtion/Pages/hallbar-konsumtion.aspx

Länsstyrelsen Dalarna (2015). Sveriges konsumtion ger konsekvenser på andra hall, Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/dalarna/Sv/miljo-och-klimat/miljomal/hallbar-konsumtion/Pages/sveriges-konsumtion-ger-konsekvenser-pa-andra-hall.aspx

P4 Dalarna (2015). Nytt nätverk för hållbar konsumtion (broadcast June 8), Sverigesradio.  Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=161&artikel=6184462 

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2012). Generational Goal. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.miljomal.se/sv/Environmental-Objectives-Portal/Undre-meny/About-the-Environmental-Objectives/Generation-goal/

Case 5. An ambitious approach to textile recycling in Southern Finland

Turku AMK (2015). Tekstiilit kiertoon! Pilottihanke rakentaa mallia poistotekstiilien hyödyntämiselle. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.turkuamk.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/900/tekstiilit-kiertoon-pilottihanke-rakentaa-mallia-poistotekstiilien-hyodyntamiselle/  

Case 6. Locally sourced fodder supports South Greenland’s sheep-farming sector

Agricultural Consulting Services (2011). The sheep population in Greenland. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nunalerineq.gl/english/landbrug/faare.htm

Austrheim, G., Asheim, L. J., Bjarnason, G., Feilberg, J., Fosaa, A.M., Holand, Ø., Høegh, K., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Magnússon, B., Mortensen, L. E., Mysterud, A., Olsen, E., Skonhoft, A., Steinheim, G., & Thórhallsdóttir A. (2008). Sheep Grazing in the North-Atlantic Region: A Long Term Perspective on Management, Resource Economy and Ecology, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapeligeuniversitet. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.ntnu.no/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=e2e0669d-3964-4a28-b8a0-5eb7b0a0c033&groupId=10476

Circumpolar Agricultural Association (n.d.). Agriculture in Greenland. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://caa.lbhi.is/Greenland.aspx

Government of Greenland (2007). Landbrugspolitisk redegørelse 2007, Visioner for det Grønlandske Landbrug. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nunalerineq.gl/english/landbrug/Landbrugspolitisk%20redegoerelse%202007%20DK.pdf

Statistics Greenland (2016). Greenland in figures 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2016/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202016.pdf

Wessendorf, K. (2009). The indigenous world 2009. Iwgia.

Case 7. Sotenäs industrial symbiosis       

Andreasson, L. (2016). Personal communication (interview and email) conducted on 26 April, 2016.  

Carlsson, P. (2016). Personal communication (email) conducted on 26 April, 2016. 

Johanneberg Science Park (2016). IS-COM - Supporting Industrial Symbiosis in Strong Communities. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.johannebergsciencepark.com/sv/vad-vi-gor/plattformar-samverkan-open-arenas/projekt/com-supporting-industrial-symbiosis-strong-comm

Seminarium Smögens Havsbad (2014). Företagande, miljö och förnybar energy. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.tillvaxtbohuslan.se/bla-op/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/02/kunskapsdag-marin-energi-14-06-26.pdf

Sotenäs kommun (2015). Eu & Projekt. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.sotenas.se/kommunen/euprojekt.4.445d3a42121be16587880005970.html

Sotenäs kommun (2015). Miljönämnden i mellersta Bohuslän. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://sotenas.se/kommunen/forvaltningaravdelningar/miljobyggforvaltning/miljoenheten/miljonamndenimellerstabohuslan.106.31a37799139b9fc898f10a32.html

Case 8. An ecosystem of Arctic industries in Kemi-Tornio

Digipolis (2014). Converting industrial by-product and waste flows into money and jobs. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.digipolis.fi/en/home/news/converting-industrial-by-product-and-waste-flows-into-money-and-jobs.html

Johnsen, I. H.G. (Ed.), Berlina, A., Lindberg, G., Mikkola, N., Smed Olsen, L. & Teräs, J. (2015). The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of green growth in Nordic regions. Nordregio Report 2015:1. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/industrialsymbiosis

Case 9. Sustainable sportswear

Habit International: “Houdini – prefers sustainability to escapism”, autumn 2015, p. 47-51.

Miljö&Utveckling: “Houdini tror på kläduthyrning”, 1:2014, p. 34-35.

OECD/UNEP (2013) Global PFC Group Synthesis paper, 2013. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/env/ehs/risk-management/PFC_FINAL-Web.pdf  

Outside Magazine: “Återvinning, återbruk och ökad livslängd”, 8:2015, p. 45.

Case 10. Starting from scrap in Øra Region

Ørakonferansen, 2015: “Øra industriområde – global miljøindustri”, presentation by Erik Osmundsen, CEO at Norsk Gjenvinning, at the Øra conference, 10 Novermber, 2015.

Norsk Gjenvinning webpage.  Retrieved 15 March, 2016 from

http://www.nggroup.no

Case 11. Händelö industrial symbiosis

Johnsen, I. H.G. (Ed.), Berlina, A., Lindberg, G., Mikkola, N., Smed Olsen, L. & Teräs, J. (2015). The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of green growth in Nordic regions. Nordregio Report 2015:1. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/industrialsymbiosis

Linköping University (2014). Sustainable Norrköping. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.iei.liu.se/envtech/forskning/forskningsprojekt/hallbara-nkpg?l=en

Linköping University (2014). Urban-industrial symbiosis. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.iei.liu.se/envtech/forskning/forskningsprojekt/hallbara-nkpg/sustainable-nkpg4?l=en 

Case 12. Eyde Cluster

Johnsen, I. H.G. (Ed.), Berlina, A., Lindberg, G., Mikkola, N., Smed Olsen, L. & Teräs, J. (2015). The potential of industrial symbiosis as a key driver of green growth in Nordic regions. Nordregio Report 2015:1. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/industrialsymbiosis

Case 13. Kirkkokallio Industrial Park

Honkajoki Oy (2014). A pioneer: Bioenergy plants and food businesses cooperate in Honkajoki. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.honkajokioy.fi/eng/articles?issue=33


 

BIOECONOMY

Case 14. Growing the Bioeconomy in Europe’s forest region

OECD (2012). Linking Renewable Energy to Rural Development, OECD Green Growth Studies, OECD Publishing. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264180444-en          

Pitkänen, P. & Regional Council of North Karelia (2015). Forest Bioeconomy in North Karelia. Shared via personal communication (email) in February, 2016. 

Pitkänen, P. & Regional Council of North Karelia (2015). Bioenergy in North Karelia. Shared via personal communication (email) in February, 2016. 

Regional Council of North Karelia (2014). North Karelia’s Smart Specialization Strategy. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://pohjois-karjala.fi/documents/4171238/4304740/Smart+Specialization+Strategy.pdf/1feb1ea8-0975-4ade-b54b-d8d7a8309b0c

Case 15. The Paper Province, Värmland

Kristensen, I. and Mikkola, N. (2016) Regional Innovation Monitor Plus. Regional Innovation Report (North Middle Sweden). European Commission Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General Directorate D – Industrial Innovation and Mobility Industries. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/report/innovation/regional-innovation-report-2016-north-middle-sweden

Case 16. The bioeconomy in sparsely populated South Iceland

Teräs, J., Lindberg, G., Johnsen, I. HG., Perjo, L. & Giacometti, A. (2014). Bioeconomy in the Nordic region: Regional case studies. Nordregio Working Paper 2014: 4. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/Templates/NordRegio/Pages/PublicationPage.aspx?id=3477&epslanguage=en

Case 17. Biotechnology, the new oil in Hedmark

Heidner Bioeconomy Cluster webpage. Retrieved 29 June, 2016 from http://heidner.no/

Hedmark Knowledge Park webpage. Retrieved 29 June, 2016 http://www.hkp.no/tjenester/mat-og-opplevelser/

Case 18. Region Midtjylland, a sprouting giant

Central Denmark Region (2015). Regional development – Central Denmark. Retrieved April 23, 2016 from http://www.rm.dk/om-os/english/regional-development/ 

Central Denmark Region (n.d.). Welcome to Central Denmark Region. Retrieved April 23, 2016 from http://www.rm.dk/siteassets/om-os/english/regionaldevelopment/welcome-to-central-denmark.pdf

Central Denmark Region (2010). A globally competitive region - Business development strategy 2010-2020. Retrieved April 23, 2016 from http://www.rm.dk/siteassets/vaekstforum/erhvervsudviklingsstrategi-2010-2020/growth-forums-business-development-strategy-2010-2020.pdf

Case 19. Public-private commitment for bioeconomy in Örnskölvik

Teräs, J., Lindberg, G., Johnsen, I. HG., Perjo, L. & Giacometti, A. (2014). Bioeconomy in the Nordic region: Regional case studies. Nordregio Working Paper 2014: 4. Nordregio, Stockholm. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/Templates/NordRegio/Pages/PublicationPage.aspx?id=3477&epslanguage=en

Case 20. Regionally driven bioeconomy development in Central Finland

Lindberg, G., Teräs J., Berlina, A., Mikkola, N., Kristjánsdóttir S (2015). Regional Economic Impact and Potential of Nordic Bioeconomy. Report from a NordBio project. (Unpublished)

Metsä Group (2014). Bioproduct mill project – Interview with Riikka Joukio. Retrieved April 23, 2016 from https://youtu.be/yo6wwoY5acY

Case 21. Skagafjörður’s transition to a knowledge-based bioeconomy

This case example builds greatly on the research conducted by Dr. Hordur G. Kristinsson, Chief Science Officer of Matis ohf. and his team  on bieconomy development in Skagafjörður. 

Matis Ltd. (2016). Fisheries Iceland Motivation Award. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.matis.is/english/news/fisheries-iceland-motivation-award

Olavson R. (2016). Farming below the surface. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from  http://www.faroeislands.fo/the-big-picture/news/farming-below-the-surface/   

Case 22. Norwegian wood to grow the bioeconomy

McCormick, K. & Kautto N. (2013). The bioeconomy in Europe: An overview. Sustainability, 5 (6), 2589-2608.

Teräs, J., Lindberg, G., Johnsen, I. H. G., Perjo, L., & Giacometti, A. (2014). Bioeconomy in the Nordic region: Regional case studies - Nordregio (No. 4). Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nordregio.se/en/Publications/Publications-2014/Bioeconomy-in-the-Nordic-region-Regional-case-studies/

Case 23. Multi-stakeholder approach to advance the bioeconomy in Lolland municipality

OECD. (2012). OECD Green Growth Studies: Linking Renewable Energy to Rural Development. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/regional/linkingrenewableenergytoruraldevelopment.htm

Teräs, J., Lindberg, G., Johnsen, I. H. G., Perjo, L., & Giacometti, A. (2014). Bioeconomy in the Nordic region: Regional case studies - Nordregio (No. 4). Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nordregio.se/en/Publications/Publications-2014/Bioeconomy-in-the-Nordic-region-Regional-case-studies/   


BLUE GROWTH

Case 24. Legasea biomarine cluster

Langhammer, A. K. (2014). Less is more signifies marine cluster Legasea’s identity. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://youngrascal.se/index.php?mod=news&page=single&itemid=62

Legasea (2015). Legasea, Brochure in English.  Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.legasea.no/default.aspx?menu=513   

Legasea (2015). Legasea – Norwegian biomarine resources, Review 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://issuu.com/legasea/docs/2015_-_review

Møreforsking (2013). New biomarine cluster in Norway. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.moreforsk.com/about-us/news-archive/marine/new-biomarine-cluster-in-norway/1230/1894/ 

Case 25. Growing potential in the Ocean Rainforest

Ocean Rainforest Ltd (2016). About Ocean Rainforest. Retrieved 29 June, 2016 from http://oceanrainforest.com/

Statistics Faroe Islands (2015). Faroe Islands in figures 2015. Available at: http://www.hagstova.fo/sites/default/files/Faroe_Islands_in_figures_2015.pdf

Case 26. The Swedish Algae Factory

Albert, S. (2016). Personal communication (skype interview) conducted on 19 Febuary, 2016. 

Byttner, K. (2015). Hennes alger ska bli framtidens bränsle. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.va.se/nyheter/2015/09/04/hennes-alger-ska-bli-framtidens-bransle/ (2015-09-04)

Sundström, M. (2016). Livets Cirkel. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://thescholar.se/2016/02/karriar/livets-cirkel/

Svensson, P. (2015). Olja som aldrig tar slut finslipas i Botan. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.gp.se/ekonomi/1.2848597-olja-som-aldrig-tar-slut-finslipas-i-botan  

Case 27. Biotech North makes Tromsø “the hot spot for cold biotech”

Barents Biocentre Lab (n.d.). Tromsø – The hot spot for cold biotech. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://barents-biocentre.com/troms%C3%B8-%E2%80%93-hot-spot-cold-biotech

BioMarine Business Convention (2015). Policy landscape. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.biomarine.org/oslo2016/norway/

BioTech North, Tromsø Kommune & Mabit (2012). Tromsø – The hot spot for cold biotech. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://mabit.no/sites/mabit.no/files/Troms%C3%B8-Hot%20spot%20for%20Cold%20Biotech.2012.pdf

Morgan, N., Tufte, S. J. & Jørgen, O. (2008).  Norwegian biotech: Powered by curious minds and entrepreneurial spirit. News of Norway, 66(1). Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.norway.org/pagefiles/243249/news_of_norway_1-08.pdf

Norwegian Ministries (2009). National Strategy 2009, Marine bioprospecting – a source of new and sustainable wealth growth. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/fkd/vedlegg/rapporter/2009/marine_bioprospecting_report.pdf

The European (2014). Life sciences in the Arctic, An interview with Svein W.F. Lien, CEO, Biotec Pharmacon. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.the-european.eu/story-8179/life-science-arctic.html

The Norwegian Trade Protal (2011). Tromsø – The hot spot for cold biotech. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/articles/rise-of-a-new-biotech-cluster/

Case 28. Unlocking the potential of the sea at AlgeCentre Danmark

AlgeCenter Danmark (2013). Algae for biogas in central Denmark region. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.algecenterdanmark.dk/research/finished-research/algae-for-biogas-in-central-denmark-region.aspx

BEsustainable (2014). Seaweeds for biogas in Denmark. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.besustainablemagazine.com/cms2/algae-for-biogas-in-central-denmark-region/

ECN (2016). ECN significant partner in MacroFuels. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.ecn.nl/news/item/ecn-significant-partner-in-macrofuels/

Case 29. Sybimar Ltd.’s closed circulation concept for aquaculture

Motiva (2015). Symbiar Ltd, Symbiar’s closed circulation concept. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.motiva.fi/en/areas_of_operation/renewable_energy/database/greenenergycases/sybimar_ltd_sybimars_closed_circulation_concept.13.html

Rönnlund, I., Pursula, T., Bröckl, M., Hakala, L., Luoma, P., Aho, M., Pathan, A., Gaia Consulting Ltd & Pallesen, B. E. (2014). Creating value from bioresources – Innovation in Nordic bioeconomy, Nordic Innovation Publication 2014:01, Nordic Innovation, Oslo.

Case 30. A circular approach to blue growth from Nofir

European Commission Executive Agency for SMEs (2015). Keeping the fishing nets out of the water. Retrieved June 6, 2016 from https://ec.europa.eu/easme/en/news/keeping-fishing-nets-out-water

Ghost Fishing (2013). Norwegian company spreads market in Europe. Retrieved June 6, 2016 from http://www.ghostfishing.org/norwegian-company-spreads-market-in-europe/

Life Ghost (n.d.). Nofir. Retrieved June 6, 2016 from http://www.life-ghost.eu/index.php/en/26-recycling/78-nofir


CLEAN TECH AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Case 31. The future of energy production in Greenland

ABB Communications (2012). Clean sustainable energy for Greenland. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/b08ea3b92dc74ac8c1257aaf0047543c.aspx

Bawa, H. (2015). Clean sustainable energy for Greenland. The Circle, 3, 22-23. Available at: http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?250991

Government of Greenland (2015). Hydropower and renewable energy. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Departments/Natur-Miljoe-og-Justitsomraadet/Natur_-Energi-og-Klimaafdelingen/Energi/Vandkraft-og-vedvarende-energi

Knap K (2012). Building an unmanned hydropower plant beneath Greenland’s glaciers. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.abb-conversations.com/2012/12/building-an-unmanned-hydropower-plant-beneath-greenlands-glaciers/

Nordic Investment Bank (2010). Hydropower creates clean energy and jobs in Greenland. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nib.int/news_publications/cases_and_feature_stories/223/hydropower_creates_clean_energy_and_jobs_in_greenland

Renewable Energy Focus (2010).  Greenland opens hydrogen plant for renewable energy storage. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/8274/greenland-opens-hydrogen-plant-for-renewable-energy-storage/

Case 32. Lillestrøm, big things happen in small societies

Fuel Cell Works (2015). Norwegian Prime Minister opens hydrogen filling station at Oslo Airport. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://fuelcellsworks.com/archives/2015/09/09/norwegian-prime-minister-opens-hydrogen-filling-station-at-oslo-airport/

Horn International (2012). Lillestrøm Centre of Expertise. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://hornonline.com/lillestrom-centre-of-expertise/ 

Hynor Lillestrøm (n.d.).Hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://hynor-lillestrom.no/english/downloads/content/text_0011393855843158/1393856202286/hl_2012_uk.pdf

Lokalhistoriewiki (2016). Lillestrøm. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Lillestr%C3%B8m

Sagvik, F. (2013). Akershus EnergiPark a sustainable and innovative energy park. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://kp.empatix.no/auto/Clean%20transport/Presentasjoner/Frank%20Sagvik_RPCT_2013.pdf  

Skedsmo kommune (2016). Information in English. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.skedsmo.kommune.no/Om-Skedsmo/English/

Skedsmo kommune (2011).  Energi- og klimaplan. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.skedsmo.kommune.no/Documents/Teknisk/Kommuneplanen/enerig-%20og%20klimaplan%20-endelig.pdf

State of Green (n.d.). Large scale solar heating in Lillestrøm Norway. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/ramboll/solutions/large-scale-solar-heating-in-lillestroem-norway

State of Green (n.d.). One of the world’s most efficient biomass-based district heating plants. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/hollensen-energy/solutions/one-of-the-world-s-most-efficient-biomass-based-district-heating-plants

State of Green (n.d.). Biomass boiler plant, Lillestrøm Norway. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/ramboll/solutions/biomass-boiler-plant-lillestroem-norway

Elsevir (2015). Norway opens new hydrogen station at Oslo Airport. Fuel Cells Bulletin, vol. 2015, no. 10, p. 9-10. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464285915303205

Case 33. Kymijärvi II, the world’s first gasification power plant

Lahti Energia (2013). Power plant technology. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.lahtigasification.com/power-plant/power-plant-technology

Case 34. Green highway linking Östersund and Trondheim

Tepecik Diş (2012). Green Highway – a 450km Nordic co-operative project. Available at: http://www.nordregio.se/en/Metameny/Nordregio-News/2012/Green-Economy-in-Policy-and-Practice/Green-Highway---a-450-km-Nordic-co-operative-project/

Thalen J (2014a). Environmental work every day at Postnord. Green Highway Magazine 2013/2014.

Thalen J (2014b). Green and Boundless. Green Highway Magazine 2013/2014.

Case 35. Biodiesel from fish waste

Nordling, T. (2011) Nu går bussen på åländsk fisk. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.alandstidningen.ax/nyheter/nu-gar-bussen-pa-alandsk-fisk

Sonck, F. (2010) Tankar sin egen fiskdiesel. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.nyan.ax/nyheter/lokalt/tankar-sin-egen-fiskdiesel/

Skog, S., Nilsson, O. & Stam U (2013). Biobräselen för fiskerinäringen. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.novia.fi/dmsdocument/6

Case 36. Local buy-in fuels low-carbon economy in Samsø

State of Green (n.d.). Samsø – Denmark. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/Samsøe-energy-academy

 Sear, S. (2014). Samso: World’s First 100% Renewable Energy-Powered Island Is a Beacon for Sustainable Communities. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://ecowatch.com/2014/05/01/Samsø-renewable-energy-island-sustainable-communities/5/

Energy Academy (2007). Re-island. Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://energiakademiet.dk/en/vedvarende-energi-o/

Case 37. Ampere, the world’s first electric ferry

Barry, K. (2013). World’s first electric car ferry recharges in 10 minutes. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.wired.com/2013/02/electric-ferry/

Shahan, C. (2015). World’s first all-electric battery-powered ferry. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://cleantechnica.com/2015/06/13/worlds-first-electric-battery-powered-ferry/

Siemens (2016).Setting a course for carbon-free shipping. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-the-future/mobility-and-motors/electromobility-electric-ferries.html

Siemens (2015). First electrical car ferry in the world in operation in Norway now.  Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2015/processindustries-drives/pr2015050200pden.htm&content[]=PD

Case 38. Towards a low-carbon economy in Akueyri

Interview with Guðmundur Haukur Sigurðarson, Vistorka ehf. Conducted on 4 March, 2016.

Case 39. Energigården – A small farm for big change

Eid Hohle, E. (2014). Interreg 2014–2020 – Energi, klima og miljø. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.ostsam.no/file=30008

Government of Norway (2007). Bioenergi: Nordisk pris til Energigården. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/bioenergi-nordisk-pris-til-energigarden/id475397/

International Energy Agency (2015). Key World Energy Statistics 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld_Statistics_2015.pdf

Johannesdottir, H. (2014). The Energy Farm Norway. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.woodbio.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Hrefna-Johannesdottir-The-Energy-Farm.pdf

Mathismoen, O. (2014). Klimaaktivisten som elsker sine CO2-utslipp. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://mm.aftenposten.no/kloden-var/klimaaktivisten-som-elsker-sine-CO2-utslipp

Pidcock, R. (2015). Meeting two degree climate change target means 80 per cent of world’s coal is unburnable study says. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.carbonbrief.org/meeting-two-degree-climate-target-means-80-per-cent-of-worlds-coal-is-unburnable-study-says

Case 40. Green Power Island

Pool, R. (2011). Islands for renewable power. Engineering and Technology Magazine, 6(10). Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2011/10/islands-of-potential.cfm

Gottlieb Paludan Architects (2009). Green Power Island Denmark. Retrieved 29 June, 2016 from

http://www.gottliebpaludan.com/en/project/green-power-island


GREEN CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES

Case 41. Copenhagen, Europe's latest 'green capital'

European Commission (2014.). 2014 Copenhagen. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/winning-cities/2014-copenhagen/index.html

Floater, G., Rode, P. & Zenghelis, D., (2014). Copenhagen: green economy leader report. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://files.lsecities.net/files/2014/05/Copenhagen-GEL_20May-Final_Full-report_1page-layout.pdf

Martinez-Fernandez, C., Sharpe, S., Andersen, M.M., Genoff, R. and Kristiansen, K.R., (2013). Measuring the potential of local green growth: An analysis of Greater Copenhagen. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers, (1).

State of Green (n.d.). City of Copenhagen. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-copenhagen

Case 42. Malmö City, the bustling brother down south

MiljöAktuellt (2015). Malmö går till havs med miljöarbetet. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://partnerzoner.idg.se/hallbara-case/malmo-kommun/malmo-gar-till-havs-med-miljoarbetet/

Malmö stad (2014). Sveriges klimatsmartaste stad. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://redovisningar.malmo.se/2014/miljoredovisning-2014/sveriges-klimatsmartaste-stad/

off2off (2014). Malmö stad. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.off2off.se/referenser/case/.

World Wildlife Fund Sweden (2014). Lärande och stadsutveckling i Malmö. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.wwf.se/vrt-arbete/hllbara-stder/ekologiska-fotavtryck/lrande-och-stadsutveckling-i-malm/1515569-hllbara-stder-2b-lrande-och-stadsutveckling-i-malm

World Wildlife Fund Sweden (2010). Svenska kommuners koldioxidfotavtryck. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.wwf.se/source.php/1285817/Svenska%20kommuners%20koldioxidavtryck_FINAL_WWF-rapport_2010.pdf

Case 43. Cities of the Future, Norway

Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet (2014). Byen som ressurs. Report H-2328. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/sub/stedsutvikling/ny-aktuelt/nyhetsarkiv/nyheter-2014/mal51/id2076703/

Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet (2016).  Framtidens byer. Retrieved 15 March, 2016 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/tema/kommuner-og-regioner/by--og-stedsutvikling/framtidensbyer/id547992/ (visited March 2016)

Case 44. The “Bright Green Island” of Bornholm

Business Center Bornholm (2013). Bornholm – Bright Green Island. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://brightgreenisland.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Bright_Green_Island_Catalogue_UK_WEB.pdf

EcoGrid (2016). EcoGrid 2.0.  Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.eu-ecogrid.net/

Grizaite, G. (2014). Green Innovation on Bornholm - Bright Green Island! Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.worldwatch-europe.org/node/266

Grunfelder, J., Linus, R. & Norlen, G. (2016), State of the Nordic Region 2016, accessed 6 June 2016 from: http://www.nordregio.se/Templates/NordRegio/Pages/PublicationPage.aspx?id=4050&epslanguage=en.  

Hestbæk, C. (2012) Denmark: A European Smart Grid Hub, Asset mapping of smart grid competencies in Denmark, Copenhagen Capacity.; ADE (2012) Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to Regions with Specific Geographical Features – Islands, Mountainous and Sparsely Populated areas, Final Report Volume 2: The six Case Studies.

Lowenstein, O. (2015). How Bornholm was reinvented as Denmark's 'green island'. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/how-bornholm-was-reinvented-as-denmarks-green-island-10413073.html

Case 45. Växjö, Europe’s greenest city

C40 Cities (2011). Växjö is Halfway to Becoming Fossil Fuel Free. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.c40.org/case_studies/v%C3%A4xj%C3%B6-is-halfway-to-becoming-fossil-fuel-free

Dale, A. (2011). Växjö, Sweden: The Greenest City in Europe. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://crcresearch.org/community-research-connections/climate-change-adaptation-and-mitigation/v%C3%A4xj%C3%B6-sweden-greenest-city-e

Slavin, T. (2015). What can the world learn from Växjö, Europe's self-styled greenest city? Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/25/what-can-the-world-learn-from-vaxjo-europes-self-styled-greenest-city

Case 46. Hinku Forum – Carbon neutral municipalities of Finland

Finnish Environment Institute (2013). Carbon neutral municipalities (HINKU). Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.syke.fi/en-US/Research__Development/Research_and_development_projects/Projects/Carbon_neutral_municipalities__HINKU

Case 47. Carbon neutrality in the northern municipality of Ii

Interview with Ari Alatossava, Mayor of Ii. Conducted on 16 February, 2016.

Municipality of Ii (2016).Ii accelerates green energy.  Retrieved June 8, 2016 from http://www.ii.fi/renewable

Case 48. Skjutsgruppen ride sharing movement

Bolter, L. (2015). Samåkningen har stärkt min tillit till okända. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.svd.se/aka-bil-med-framlingar--ett-satt-att-ova-sin-tillit

Jägerskog, M. (2016). Personal communication (interview) conducted on 14 March, 2016. 

Pick, F. (2013). Started in Sweden – now a global movement: International ride sharing day. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://magazine.ouishare.net/2013/09/started-sweden-now-global-movement-international-ridesharing-day/

P2P Foundation (2015). Interesting civic-private ridesharing partnership initiative in Sweden. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://blog.p2pfoundation.net/interesting-civic-private-ridesharing-partnership-initiative-in-sweden/2015/10/09

Case 49. Aarhus, the second city in the lead

Dong Energy (2014). 1.3 billion green investment in Aarhus. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.dongenergy.com/en/media/newsroom/news/articles/1-3-billion-green-investment-in-aarhus

Monday Morning & City of Aarhus (2010). Aarhus – Capital of Wind Energy: Industrial hub, technological trendsetter, political frontrunner. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/files/download/422

Monday Morning (n.d.). Aarhus – Capital of Wind Energy (information sheet). Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Subsites/Aarhus-Wind-Energy/Spotbokse/Articles/tekst7.pdf

State of Green (n.d.). City of Aarhus. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-aarhus

State of Green (n.d.). Navitas – Aarhus’ new centre for innovation education and energy. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from https://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-aarhus/solutions/navitas-aarhus-new-centre-for-innovation-education-and-energy

The Aarhus Affairs (2013). Go Green Aarhus 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2016 from http://www.aarhusaffairs.dk/go-green-aarhus-2017/

Zandersen, M. & Stage, C., (2015). Combining biodiversity, climate adaptation and citizen engagement–the case of public participation in an urban park. In RE-DO.  http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/combining-biodiversity-climate-adaptation-and-citizen-engagement--the-case-of-public-participation-in-an-urban-park%2821777e8e-7516-4890-a4b7-e9b43bccf833%29.html

Case 50. Bright Green Forssa Region:

Bright Green Forssa Region webpage. Retrieved 15 June, 2016 from

http://www.brightgreen.fi