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Summary of lessons learned

Cooperation across policy areas

The complex issues of demographic change cannot be managed in only one policy area, which is obvious from the selected examples in this report, illustrating that successful initiatives include collaboration across policy areas.

Coordination and cooperation between administrative levels

In addition to cooperation across policy areas and policy integration, many of the studied examples illustrate the need to include public authorities at various administrative levels.

Citizen engagement and support for grassroots initiatives

Citizen engagement is important for local development as a way to involve the local community and encourage residents to take an active part in the activities. The examples in this report demonstrate that inclusion of the civil society and citizens could have an impact on individual decisions about whether to stay, leave or even move to the local community.

Engagement of private actors

In most cases, it is not sufficient for public organisations alone to engage in cross-sectoral activities. Rather, collaboration with actors outside the public organisation is of key importance in addressing demographic change. The importance of including companies is particularly clear for labour market issues and meeting the challenges of competence provision.

Project-based approaches as a way to address demographic changes

The examples have shown that even though strategy-based approaches can provide a holistic way to address demographic challenges, project-based approaches can also provide valuable input into policy processes at different levels of government.